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Injection Molding Machine: Ultimate Guide 2022

2022/03/01 By 兰兹

Injection Molding Machine

The injection molding machine is standard in injection molding machines for manufacturing three-dimensional parts of various configurations from plastic, metal, and rubber.

In the mold of an injection molding machine, one or more parts are easy to produce simultaneously. Moreover, it is common in mass or serial production.

Injection Molding Machine

What is an injection mold?

Injection molds consist of fixed matrices and movable punches with a cavity inside for forming blanks. Moreover, the material is fed into the mold using gating systems: cold runner, hot runner, and combined. In some designs of forms, the installation of embedded details is possible.

Injection molding machine to create thin-walled products

Plastic injection molding is common to develop thin-walled products of various configurations. However, casting technology allows you to create reinforced and hollow parts, multi-colored and combining multiple polymeric materials.

The required pressure indicator is from 80 to 200 MPa. Furthermore, at lower pressures, cavities or underfills may form. Exceeding the values ​​\u200b\u200b can lead to the formation of a flash.

Sand casting for simple or complex shapes in the injection molding machine

One of the most common types of casting of bulk billets. Moreover, it is common in automotive, machine tool building, and other industries. However, this injection molding machine is standard in mass production, small series or single items of simple or complex shape.

With such casting, products of low quality are obtained. Similarly, there may be voids and various foreign inclusions.

Moreover, casting in sand-clay molds is typical for manufacturing frames for the metalworking industry, body elements of machinery and equipment, various wheels, rings, and other bulky and heavy workpieces.

Casting in vacuum film injection molding machine

The technology is standard for casting any number of products weighing from one kilogram to ten tons, up to several meters in size.

Forms are made in the following order:

  • A model kit is cut out of expanded polystyrene or other gas-tight materials;
  • Moreover, a preheated synthetic film applies to the model;

Moreover, a vacuum device is created between the model kit and the film, tightly attracting the film to the model. A layer of chalk limestone clay (flask) is applied to the film, covered with dry sand and ram, and covered hermetically with a movie. However, air is removed from the flask using a vacuum device. The model set is released from the finished half-mold from the injection molding machine.

All parts are made and assembled into a single form

During the entire technological process, the constituent elements of the mold are under vacuum.

Molten metal pours into the assembled mold. After cooling the castings, the vacuum device turns off, as a result of which the sand is removed from the mold. The casting is easily removed from the mold.

Die casting from aluminum, non-ferrous, and ferrous metals

A chill mold is a metal multi-turn mold made of cast iron, aluminum, or steel. Moreover, die casting is suitable for manufacturing aluminum, non-ferrous, and ferrous metal products in injection molding machines.

The die-casting technology consists of several stages:

Furthermore, fixing metal half-forms, heating the working mold cavity to a temperature of about 180°C;
lubrication of the surface with a layer of protective refractory coating; pouring molten raw materials through sprues;

In addition, mold cooling, mold opening, and casting excavation. Moreover, Castings in a chill mold are of high quality and have geometric accuracy of dimensions.

Investment casting: does not require additional processing

The method of obtaining castings is to manufacture a model from low-melting compositions in molds. However, after drying, the hardened model removes the mold and is covered with several layers of suspension and a ceramic shell. The model inside the injection molding machine shell melts, creating a molded body with thin ceramic walls.

Moreover, after cooling, a molten mixture pours into the resulting mold, which forms a product that exactly repeats the model’s configuration. According to investment models, details are of high quality and surface cleanliness and do not require additional processing.

Injection Molding Machine 2022

Casting on gasified models: polystyrene is most suitable

A method for producing cast products using models from materials that turn into gas upon contact with molten metal. Expanded polystyrene is ideal for this.

Models are made on an injection molding machine or by pouring polystyrene of small fractions under pressure into molds and then sintering at high temperatures. Moreover, model elements are glued or soldered into blocks, coated with a fire-resistant coating by pouring or dipping, and formed on a vibrating table into unique flasks.

  1. The molten metal is fed directly onto the model blocks, burning and gasifying the polystyrene.
  2. The finished castings more relaxed in the molds, then removed and cleaned of the non-stick coating.
  3. The casting technology for gasified patterns allows the production of products with smooth, precise shapes.
  4. Gases formed during the burning of polystyrene were removed with extractors.

Centrifugal casting for hollow cylindrical containers

It is typical for the manufacture of open cylindrical containers. Moreover, the injection molding machine is based on the principle of forming castings in the field of centrifugal forces. The molten metal from the ladle is fed through the filling funnel into a rotating cylinder, the inner side of which is the forming surface.

Shell casting for sequential operations

The technology is common to manufacture exact parts with high-quality requirements. Moreover, on automatic lines, shell molds are made from resin-sand mixture, thermosetting resins, quartz, or zircon sand.

Casting includes several sequential operations:

  • Mixture preparation;
  • Production of models in the form of thin-walled shells;
  • Assembly and preparation of molds for pouring;
  • Metal melting and pouring into finished molds;
  • Cooling and extraction of castings;
  • Cleaning and shot blasting

Injection molding machines are typical for manufacturing cast iron, steel, non-ferrous metals, and aluminum products. Cheaper devices with side or straight sprues and cold runner systems.

Technological shrinkage of the forming parts

Moreover, in manufacturing injection molds, it is necessary to consider the possible technological shrinkage of the forming parts during the cooling process.

Shrinkage may depend on the following factors:

  • The type of materials common for the manufacture of molds;
  • The presence of reinforcing fibers;
  • Sprue type and size;
  • Uniformity of temperature distribution;
  • Design features of forms.

Adding reinforcing fibers to the raw material will help reduce shrinkage phenomena.

Development of Injection mold design

Moreover, the development of the project of an injection molding machine is carried out based on the customer’s technical specifications. The necessary calculations are performed, a 3D model of the future product is created, and working drawings are made.

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